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# conda create -n drfdemo python=3.8
# pip install django==3.2.4  -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

pip install djangorestframework -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

# 因为我们需要接下来，需要开发api接口肯定要操作数据，所以安装pymysql
pip install pymysql -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple

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INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'rest_framework',
]

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class Student(models.Model):
    # 模型字段
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name="姓名")
    sex = models.BooleanField(default=1,verbose_name="性别")
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    class_null = models.CharField(max_length=5,verbose_name="班级编号")
    description = models.TextField(max_length=1000,verbose_name="个性签名")

    class Meta:
        db_table="tb_student"
        verbose_name = "学生"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

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DATABASES = {
    # 'default': {
    #     'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
    #     'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    # },
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': "students",
        "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
        "PORT": 3306,
        "USER": "root",
        "PASSWORD":"123",
    },
}

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python manage.py makemigrationspython manage.py migrate

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python manage.py startapp students

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# 创建序列化器类，回头会在试图中被调用
class StudentModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = "__all__"

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from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from .models import Student
from .serializers import StudentModelSerializer
# Create your views here.
class StudentViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer

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from . import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

# 路由列表
urlpatterns = []

router = DefaultRouter()  # 可以处理视图的路由器
router.register('students', views.StudentViewSet)  # 向路由器中注册视图集

urlpatterns += router.urls  # 将路由器中的所以路由信息追到到django的路由列表中

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("stu/",include("students.urls")),
]

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python manage.py runserver

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from django.views import View
from django.http.response import HttpResponse
from django.http.request import HttpRequest
from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
class ReqView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        print(request)
        return HttpResponse("ok")

"""
默认情况下, 编写视图类时，如果继承的是django内置的django.view.View视图基类，
则视图方法中得到的request对象，是django默认提供的django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIRequest
WSGIRequest这个请求处理对象，无法直接提供的关于json数据数据处理。
在编写api接口时很不方便，所以drf为了简写这块内容，在原来的HttpRequest的基础上面，新增了一个Request对象
这个Request对象是单独声明的和原来django的HttpRequest不是父子关系。
同时注意：
   要使用drf提供的Request请求处理对象，必须在编写视图类时继承drf提供的视图基类
   from rest_framework.views import APIView
   
   如果使用drf提供的视图基类APIView编写类视图，则必须使用来自drf提供的Request请求对象和Response响应对象
"""
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
class ReqAPIView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        # rest_framework.request.Request对象
        print(request) # <rest_framework.request.Request: GET '/req/req2?name=xiaoming&age=17&lve=swim&lve=code'>
        # 获取查询字符串
        print(request.query_params)
        # 没有参数情况下： <QueryDict: {}>
        # 有参数的情况下： <QueryDict: {'name': ['xiaoming'], 'age': ['17'], 'lve': ['swim', 'code']}>
        # 所以，request.query_params的返回值操作和原来在django里面是一模一样的
        print(request.query_params.get("name")) # xiaoming
        print(request.query_params.getlist("lve")) # ['swim', 'code']

        return Response("ok")

    def post(self, request):
        # 获取请求体
        print(request.data) # {'name': 'xiaoming', 'age': 16, 'lve': ['swim', 'code']}
        """直接从请求体中提取数据转
        # 客户端如果上传了json数据，直接返回字典
        {'name': '灰太狼', 'age': 20, 'sex': 1, 'classmate': '301', 'description': '我还会再回来的~'}
        # 客户端如果上传了表单数据，直接返回QueryDict
        <QueryDict: {'name': ['xiaohui'], 'age': ['18']}>
        """
        print(request.FILES) # 获取上传文件列表
        
        # 要获取django原生提供的HttpRequest对象，可以通过request._request来获取到
        print(request._request.META.get("Accept")) # 当值为None时，drf默认在响应数据时按json格式返回
        # response = Response(data="not ok", status=204, headers={"Company":"Oldboy"})
        response = Response(data="not ok", status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, headers={"Company":"Oldboy"})
        return response

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (  # 默认响应渲染类
        'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',  # json渲染器，返回json数据
        'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer',  # 浏览器API渲染器，返回调试界面
    )
}

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Response(data, status=None, template_name=None, headers=None, content_type=None)

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# 1）信息告知 - 1xx
HTTP_100_CONTINUE
HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS

# 2）成功 - 2xx
HTTP_200_OK
HTTP_201_CREATED
HTTP_202_ACCEPTED
HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION
HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT
HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT
HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT
HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS

# 3）重定向 - 3xx
HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES
HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY
HTTP_302_FOUND
HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER
HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED
HTTP_305_USE_PROXY
HTTP_306_RESERVED
HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT

# 4）客户端错误 - 4xx
HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED
HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED
HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT
HTTP_409_CONFLICT
HTTP_410_GONE
HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED
HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED
HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE
HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG
HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE
HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE
HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED
HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY
HTTP_423_LOCKED
HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY
HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED
HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS
HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE
HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS

# 5）服务器错误 - 5xx
HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY
HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT
HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED
HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE
HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED

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from django.db import models


# Create your models here.


class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="书籍名称")
    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格")
    pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="出版日期")
    
    bread = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="阅读量") 
    bcomment = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="评论量") 
    
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE,verbose_name="出版社")
    # authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author",verbose_name="作者")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="出版社名称")
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="出版社邮箱")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="作者")
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

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from rest_framework import serializers

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
 
    title = serializers.CharField()
    price = serializers.IntegerField()
    pub_date = serializers.DateField()
    publish_id = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
    publish_name = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name", read_only=True)
    publish_email = serializers.CharField(source="publish.email", read_only=True)

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Serializer(instance=None, data=empty, **kwarg)

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serializer = AccountSerializer(account, context={'request': request})

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from sers.models import Book
book = Book.objects.get(pk=1)

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from .serializers import BookSerializer
bookSer = BookSerializer(instance=book)

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bookSer.data 
# {'title': '乱世佳人', 'price': 335, 'pub_date': '2012-12-12', 'publish_name': '苹果出版社', 'publish_email': '123@qq.com'}

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# urls.py
path("sers/", include("sers.urls")),
# sers.urls
path('books/', BookView.as_view()),

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from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from .models import Book
from .sers import BookSerializer

class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=1)
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=book)
        return Response(bs.data)

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class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        # book = Book.objects.get(pk=1)
        books = Book.objects.all()
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
        return Response(bs.data)

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from rest_framework import serializers

from .models import Book, Publish, Author


class BookRelatedPublish(serializers.RelatedField):

    def to_representation(self, value):
        return "pub-%s" % value.name

class BookRelatedAuthor(serializers.RelatedField):

    def to_representation(self, value):
        return "author-%s" % value.name

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField(required=False)
    pub_date = serializers.DateField(required=False)
    # 序列化关联对象的主键,read_only=True限制只能做序列化
    # publish = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(read_only=True) 
    # 序列化关联对象的主键，queryset设置可以反序列化做校验
    # authors = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Author.objects.all(),many=True) 
    # publish = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True) # 序列化关联对象的字符串表示形式 即__str__
    # publish = serializers.SlugRelatedField(read_only=True,slug_field="email") # 序列化关联对象的指定字段
    authors = BookRelatedAuthor(read_only=True,many=True)
    publish = BookRelatedPublish(read_only=True)

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from sers.sers import BookSerializer
bs = BookSerializer(data={"title":"小王子","price":100})
bs.is_valid()  # 必须先要is_valid,才会有bs.validated_data和bs.errors
False
bs.validated_data
{}
bs.errors
{'pub_date': [ErrorDetail(string='This field is required.', code='required')], 'publish_id': [ErrorDetail(string='This field is required.', code='required')]}

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# Return a 400 response if the data was invalid.serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

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class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField(required=True)
    pub_date = serializers.DateField(required=True)

    def validate_title(self, value):
        if 'django' not in value.lower():
            raise serializers.ValidationError("图书不是关于Django的")
        return value

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from sers.sers import BookSerializer
bs = BookSerializer(data={"title":"小王子","price":100})
bs.is_valid()
False
bs.errors
{'title': [ErrorDetail(string='图书不是关于Django的', code='invalid')], 'pub_date': [ErrorDetail(string='This field is required.', code='required')]}

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def title_django(self, value):
    if 'django' not in value.lower():
        raise serializers.ValidationError("图书不是关于Django的")
    return value

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32,validators=[title_django,])
    ...

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class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField(required=False)
    pub_date = serializers.DateField(required=False)

    bread = serializers.IntegerField(label='阅读量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)
    bcomment = serializers.IntegerField(label='评论量', max_value=2147483647, min_value=-2147483648, required=False)


    def validate_title(self, value):
        if 'django' not in value.lower():
            raise serializers.ValidationError("图书不是关于Django的")
        return value

    def validate(self, data):
        bread = data.get("bread")
        bcomment = data.get("bcomment")
        if bread < bcomment:
            raise serializers.ValidationError('阅读量小于评论量')
        return data

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bs = BookSerializer(data={"title":"Django深入浅出","bread":100,"bcomment":200,"publish_id":1})
bs.is_valid()
False
bs.errors
{'non_field_errors': [ErrorDetail(string='阅读量小于评论量', code='invalid')]}

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class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    ...

    def create(self, validated_data):
        """新建"""
        return instance

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        
        return instance

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book = serializer.save()

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# 路由
from django.urls import path,re_path ,include

from sers.views import BookView,BookDetailView

urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', BookView.as_view()),
    re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)/', BookDetailView.as_view()),
]

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# 序列化器
# 声明序列化器，所有的序列化器都要直接或者间接继承于 Serializer
# 其中，ModelSerializer是Serializer的子类，ModelSerializer在Serializer的基础上进行了代码简化
from rest_framework import serializers

from .models import Book, Publish, Author


class BookRelatedPublish(serializers.RelatedField):

    def to_representation(self, value):
        return "pub-%s" % value.name


class BookRelatedAuthor(serializers.RelatedField):

    def to_representation(self, value):
        return "author-%s" % value.name


class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = serializers.IntegerField(required=False)
    pub_date = serializers.DateField(required=False)

    publish = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Publish.objects.all())  # queryset用于反序列化做校验
    authors = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Author.objects.all(), many=True)

    def create(self, validated_data):
        """新建"""
        print("validated_data:", validated_data)
        authors = validated_data.pop("authors")
        book = Book(**validated_data)
        book.save()
        book.authors.set(authors)
        return book

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        """更新，instance为要更新的对象实例"""
        authors = validated_data.pop("authors")
        for attr, value in validated_data.items():
            setattr(instance, attr, value)
        instance.save()

        instance.authors.set(authors)

        return instance

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# 视图函数
# Create your views here.


from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView

from .models import Book
from .sers import BookSerializer


class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        # book = Book.objects.get(pk=1)
        books = Book.objects.all()
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def post(self, request):
        bs = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)


class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=book)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        instance = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=instance, data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        instance = Book.objects.get(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response()

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# request.user 是django中记录当前登录用户的模型对象serializer.save(owner=request.user)

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# Update `comment` with partial dataserializer = CommentSerializer(comment, data={'content': u'foo bar'}, partial=True)

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class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = '__all__'

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>>> from sers.sers import BookSerializer
>>> serializer = BookSerializer()
>>> serializer
BookSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
    title = CharField(label='书籍名称', max_length=32)
    price = IntegerField(label='价格')
    pub_date = DateField(label='出版日期')
    bread = IntegerField(required=False)
    bcomment = IntegerField(required=False)
    publish = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(label='出版社', queryset=Publish.objects.all())
    authors = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(allow_empty=False, label='作者', many=True, queryset=Author.objects.all())
>>>

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class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta
        model = BookInfo
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'pub_date')

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class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        exclude = ('pub_date',)

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class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'pub_date'， 'bread', 'bcomment')
        read_only_fields = ('id', 'bread', 'bcomment')

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class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """图书数据序列化器"""
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'pub_date', 'bread', 'bcomment')
        extra_kwargs = {
            'bread': {'min_value': 0, 'required': True},
            'bcomment': {'min_value': 0, 'required': True},
        }
'''
BookSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True)
    title = CharField(label='书籍名称', max_length=32)
    pub_date = DateField(label='出版日期')
    bread = IntegerField(min_value=0, required=True)
    bcomment = IntegerField(min_value=0, required=True)

'''

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rest_framework.generics.GenericAPIView

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def get_queryset(self):
    user = self.request.user
    return user.accounts.all()

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# url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object() # get_object()方法根据pk参数查找queryset中的数据对象
        serializer = self.get_serializer(book)
        return Response(serializer.data)

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python manage.py startapp gen

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# 路由
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("gen/", include("gen.urls")),
]
# 子路由
 

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from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from sers.models import Book
from .sers import BookSerializer


class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=self.get_queryset(), many=True)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def post(self, request):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        serializer.save()
        return Response(serializer.data)


class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=self.get_object())
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        serializer = BookSerializer(instance=self.get_object(), data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        serializer.save()
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

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class ListModelMixin:
    """
    List a queryset.
    """
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

        page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)
        if page is not None:
            serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)
            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)

        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

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from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from sers.models import Book
from .sers import BookSerializer

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin

class BookView(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)

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class CreateModelMixin:
    """
    Create a model instance.
    """
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        self.perform_create(serializer)
        headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save()

    def get_success_headers(self, data):
        try:
            return {'Location': str(data[api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME])}
        except (TypeError, KeyError):
            return {}

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class BookView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        return self.create(request)

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class RetrieveModelMixin:
    """
    Retrieve a model instance.
    """
    def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        instance = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
        return Response(serializer.data)

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class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        return self.retrieve(request, pk)

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class UpdateModelMixin:
    """
    Update a model instance.
    """
    def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        partial = kwargs.pop('partial', False)
        instance = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data, partial=partial)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        self.perform_update(serializer)

        if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None):
            # If 'prefetch_related' has been applied to a queryset, we need to
            # forcibly invalidate the prefetch cache on the instance.
            instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {}

        return Response(serializer.data)

    def perform_update(self, serializer):
        serializer.save()

    def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        kwargs['partial'] = True
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

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class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        return self.retrieve(request, pk)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        return self.update(request, pk)

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class DestroyModelMixin:
    """
    Destroy a model instance.
    """
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        instance = self.get_object()
        self.perform_destroy(instance)
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    def perform_destroy(self, instance):
        instance.delete()

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class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        return self.retrieve(request, pk)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        return self.update(request, pk)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        return self.destroy(request, pk)

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# Create your views here.
"""
基于GenericAPIView结合5个视图扩展类完成基本的5个API接口
ListModelMixin     提供了list方法，获取多条数据
CreateModelMixin   提供了create方法，添加一条数据

RetrieveModelMixin 提供了retrieve方法，获取一条数据
UpdateModelMixin   提供了update方法，更新一条数据
DestroyModelMixin   提供了destroy方法，删除一条数据
"""

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin

from sers.models import Book
from .sers import BookSerializer


class BookView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        return self.create(request)


class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        return self.retrieve(request, pk)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        return self.update(request, pk)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        return self.destroy(request, pk)

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class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = "__all__"

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urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', BookView.as_view()),
    re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)/', BookDetailView.as_view()),
]

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from rest_framework import generics
class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer


class BookDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

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python manage.py startapp vset

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from django.urls import path, re_path

from vset.views import BookView

urlpatterns = [
    # path("set", views.BookView.as_view({"http请求":"视图方法"})),
    path("books/", BookView.as_view({
        "get": "get_all_book",
        "post": "add_book"
    })),
    re_path("^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$", BookView.as_view({
        "get": "get_one_book",
        "put": "edit_book",
        "delete": "delete",
    })),
]

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from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet

from sers.models import Book


class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = "__all__"


class BookView(ViewSet):

    def get_all_book(self, request):

        books = Book.objects.all()
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def add_book(self, request):
        bs = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)

    def get_one_book(self, request, pk):
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=book)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def edit_book(self, request, pk):
        instance = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=instance, data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        Book.objects.get(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

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from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet

class BookView(GenericViewSet):

    def list(self, request):

        books = Book.objects.all()
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def create(self, request):
        bs = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)

    def retrieve(self, request, pk):
        book = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=book)
        return Response(bs.data)

    def update(self, request, pk):
        instance = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
        bs = BookSerializer(instance=instance, data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        Book.objects.get(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

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from django.urls import path, re_path

from vset.views import BookView

urlpatterns = [
    # path("set", views.BookView.as_view({"http请求":"视图方法"})),
    path("books/", BookView.as_view({
        "get": "list",
        "post": "create"
    })),
    re_path("^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$", BookView.as_view({
        "get": "retrieve",
        "put": "update",
        "delete": "delete",
    })),
]

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from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin


class BookView(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin,
                          DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

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from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

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from rest_framework import routers
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('book', BookView, base_name='book')

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^book/$    name: book-list
^book/{pk}/$   name: book-detail

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urlpatterns = [
    ...
]
urlpatterns += router.urls

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urlpatterns = [
    ...
    path('^', include(router.urls))
]

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from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    ...
]

"""使用drf提供路由类router给视图集生成路由列表"""
# 实例化路由类
# drf提供一共提供了两个路由类给我们使用,他们用法一致,功能几乎一样
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()

# 注册视图集
# router.register("路由前缀",视图集类)
router.register("book",views.BookView)

# 把生成的路由列表追加到urlpatterns
print( router.urls )
urlpatterns += router.urls

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from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.decorators import action

class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    """
    action装饰器的作用：告诉路由类给视图集的自定义方法生成路由信息
    methods, 列表，允许哪些http请求能访问当前视图方法
    detail，布尔，生成路由时是否拼接pk参数
            detail为True，表示路径名格式应该为 book/{pk}/login/
    url_path，字符串，生成路由时末尾路由路径，如果没有声明，则自动以当前方法名作为路由尾缀
    
    """
    @action(methods=['get'], detail=True,url_path="login")
    def login(self, request,pk):
        """登录"""
        return Response({"msg":request.method})

    # detail为False 表示路径名格式应该为 book/get_new_5/
    @action(methods=['get'], detail=False)
    def get_new_5(self, request):
        """获取最新添加的5本书"""
        ...

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^book/get_new_5/$    name: book-get_new_5
^book/{pk}/login/$   name: book-login

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python manage.py startapp opt

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INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'opt',     # drf提供的组件使用
]

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('students/', include("students.urls")),
    path('sers/', include("sers.urls")),
    path('school/', include("school.urls")),
    path("req/", include("req.urls")),
    path("demo/", include("demo.urls")),
    path("opt/", include("opt.urls")),
]

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from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [

]

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python manage.py createsuperuser
# 如果之前有账号，但是忘了，可以通过终端下的命令修改指定用户的密码，这里的密码必须8位长度以上的
python manage.py changepassword 用户名

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # 配置认证方式的选项
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', # session认证
        'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',   # 基本认证
    )
}

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from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication
from rest_framework.views import APIView

class ExampleView(APIView):
    # 类属性
    authentication_classes = [SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication]
    def get(self,request):
        pass

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from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

class CustomAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    """
    自定义认证方式
    """
    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        认证方法
        request: 本次客户端发送过来的http请求对象
        """
        user = request.query_params.get("user")
        pwd  = request.query_params.get("pwd")
        if user != "root" or pwd != "houmen":
            return None
        # get_user_model获取当前系统中用户表对应的用户模型类
        user = get_user_model().objects.first()
        return (user, None)  # 按照固定的返回格式填写 （用户模型对象, None）

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from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
from drfdemo.authentication import CustomAuthentication
# Create your views here.
class HomeAPIView(APIView):
    # authentication_classes = [CustomAuthentication, ]
    def get(self,request):
        """单独设置认证方式"""
        print(request.user) # 在中间件AuthenticationMiddleware中完成用户身份识别的，如果没有登录request.user值为AnonymousUser
        if request.user.id is None:
            return Response("未登录用户：游客")
        else:
            return Response(f"已登录用户：{request.user}")

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"""drf配置信息必须全部写在REST_FRAMEWORK配置项中"""
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # 配置认证方式的选项【drf的认证是内部循环遍历每一个注册的认证类，一旦认证通过识别到用户身份，则不会继续循环】
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
        'drfdemo.authentication.CustomAuthentication',          # 自定义认证
        'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',  # session认证
        'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',    # 基本认证
    )
}

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    ....
    
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    )
}

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'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
   'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',
)

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from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.views import APIView

class ExampleView(APIView):
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
    ...

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from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView

class StudentAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StudentSerializer
    authentication_classes = [SessionAuthentication]
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]

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from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class IsXiaoMingPermission(BasePermission):
    """
    自定义权限，可用于全局配置，也可以用于局部
    """
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """
        视图权限
        返回结果未True则表示允许访问视图类
        request: 本次客户端提交的请求对象
        view: 本次客户端访问的视图类
        """
        role = request.query_params.get("role")
        return role == "xiaoming"

    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        """
        模型权限
        返回结果为True则表示允许操作模型对象
        """
        return True

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from .permissions import IsXiaoMingPermission
class StudentViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StudentSerializer
    permission_classes = [IsXiaoMingPermission] # 自定义权限

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# 关于REST_FRAMEWORK的所有配置项都是填写在django的settings配置文件中的。
# 所有的REST_FRAMEWORK都要填写在 REST_FRAMEWORK的配置项，而且配置只能大写！！
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # # 认证全局配置
    # 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES':[
    #     # 默认由drf提供的认证方式
    #     'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',  # session认证
    #     'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',   # 基本认证
    #     # 将来开发中，我们还可以自己实现属于自己项目的认证方式
    #     'drfdemo.authentications.CustomAuthentication',
    # ],
    # # 权限全局配置
    # 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
    #     # 设置所有视图只能被已经登录认证过的用户访问
    #     'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
    # ]
}

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from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from student.models import Student
from student.serializers import StudentModelSerializer
from drfdemo.authentications import CustomAuthentication
from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated,IsAdminUser,IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly
from drfdemo.permissions import IsXiaoMingPermission
class Student1ModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Student.objects
    serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
    # 局部认证配置方式
    authentication_classes = [SessionAuthentication,CustomAuthentication]
    # 局部权限配置方式
    # permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated] # 只要经过认证登录就可以访问
    # permission_classes = [IsAdminUser] # 只要是站点管理员就可以访问
    # permission_classes = [IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly] # 登录用户可以访问视图的增删查改页面，未登录的游客只能查看数据。不能修改！
    # permission_classes = [] # 取消权限判断识别
    permission_classes = [IsXiaoMingPermission] # 自定义权限

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from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication,BaseAuthentication
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class CustomAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
    """
    自定义认证
    """
    def authenticate(self, request):
        """
        认证方法
        request: 本次客户端发送过来的http请求对象
        """
        role = request.query_params.get("role")
        root = None
        if role == "root":
            root = User.objects.get(pk=1)
            return (root,None) # 按照固定的返回格式填写 （用户模型对象, None）
        else:
            return None

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from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class IsXiaoMingPermission(BasePermission):
    """
    自定义权限，可用于全局配置，也可以用于局部
    """
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """
        视图权限
        返回结果未True则表示允许访问视图类
        request: 本次客户端提交的请求对象
        view: 本次客户端访问的视图类
        """
        role = request.query_params.get("role")
        return role == "xiaoming" # 认证的结果必须返回True或者False，表示是否有权限

    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        """
        模型权限
        返回结果未True则表示允许操作模型对象
        """
        return True

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from django.urls import path,include
from . import views
# 视图集的路由
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register("stu1", views.Student1ModelViewSet,)

urlpatterns = [
    path("", include(router.urls)),
]

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # 限流全局配置
    # 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES':[ # 限流配置类
    #     'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle', # 未认证用户[未登录用户]
    #     'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle', # 已认证用户[已登录用户]
    # ],
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES':{ # 频率配置
        'anon': '2/day',  # 针对游客的访问频率进行限制，实际上，drf只是识别首字母，但是为了提高代码的维护性，建议写完整单词
        'user': '5/day', # 针对会员的访问频率进行限制，
    }
}

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from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
class Student2ModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Student.objects
    serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
    # 限流局部配置[这里需要配合在全局配置中的DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES来设置频率]
    throttle_classes = [UserRateThrottle]

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # 限流全局配置
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES':[ # 限流配置类
    #     'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle', # 未认证用户[未登录用户]
    #     'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle', # 已认证用户[已登录用户]
        'rest_framework.throttling.ScopedRateThrottle', # 自定义限流
    ],
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES':{ # 频率配置
        'anon': '2/day',  # 针对游客的访问频率进行限制，实际上，drf只是识别首字母，但是为了提高代码的维护性，建议写完整单词
        'user': '5/day', # 针对会员的访问频率进行限制，
        'vip': '10/day', # 针对会员的访问频率进行限制，
    }
}

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from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
class Student2ModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Student.objects
    serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
    # 限流局部配置[这里需要配合在全局配置中的DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES来设置频率]
    # throttle_classes = [UserRateThrottle] # 使用drf限流类来配置频率
    throttle_scope = "vip" # 自定义频率

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INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django_filters',  # 需要注册应用，
]

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    ...
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',)
}

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class StudentListView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StudentSerializer
    filter_fields = ['age', 'sex']

# 127.0.0.1:8000/four/students/?sex=1

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class StudentListView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
    filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]
    ordering_fields = ['id', 'age']

# 127.0.0.1:8000/books/?ordering=-age
# -id 表示针对id字段进行倒序排序
# id  表示针对id字段进行升序排序

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from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from students.models import Student
from .serializers import StudentModelSerializer
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
class Student3ListView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
    filter_fields = ['age', 'sex']
    # 因为局部配置会覆盖全局配置,所以需要重新把过滤组件核心类再次声明,
    # 否则过滤功能会失效
    filter_backends = [OrderingFilter,DjangoFilterBackend]
    ordering_fields = ['id', 'age']